Breast Cancer Education, Screening and Treatment
Innovations from the Community Up in Rural Haiti
Abstract
Chronic diseases are increasing globally and often present an even greater challenge in low resource countries because of the need for higher levels of technology for screening, diagnosis, and treatment. This is especially true of breast cancer which is the second leading cause of death and first cause for cancer fatalities for women worldwide. While the incidence rate is lower (<30/100,000) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared to high-income countries (HICs) (>80/100,000), the fatality rate in these countries is much higher (Parkin and Fernandez 2006). Breast cancer increased in prevalence (by more than 50 percent between 1980-2010), and most of this was in LMICs. Of greater concern is that many (23 percent) of these cases occur in young women ages 15-49, compared to 10 percent in this age group in HICs (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation 2011).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Judy Lewis, Bette Gebrian (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The Social Innovations Journal permits the Creative Commons License:
CC Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0
Under the following terms:
-
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
-
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
-
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
- You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
- No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material
Copyright and Publishing Rights
For the licenses indicated above, authors retain the copyright and full publishing rights without restrictions.
