What Would Benjamin Disraeli Say About Data Analysis in the Social Services?
Abstract
Question:
What would Benjamin Disraeli Say about Data Analysis in the Social Services?
In his 1969 article in the American Psychologist, Donald Campbell (Campbell, 1969) put forth the argument that all social service programs should be submitted to empirical validation. He argued that social service programs should be treated with the same degree of scientific rigor as any experiment because most social service programs at that time were essentially experimental. Support for Campbell’s position came from many quarters, but notably from Senator Robert Kennedy. Kennedy was responsible for delaying an education funding bill until program evaluation was included as part of the bill. Eventually, program evaluation became mandated for all federal social service grants. Not only was program evaluation mandated, but it was funded. Many programs that used federal funding during the 1970s and early 1980s were required to spend one percent of their budget on program evaluation activities.
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